breese



.'l. L. BREESE, JR

\ OIL BURNING APPARATUS Original vFiled Nov. N

Dn@ 22, 193,1. y

Reissued Dec. 22, 1931 UNIT-ED sTATlp-:s rivralsl'r OFFICE JAMES L. BIREESE, JR., OF SANTA FE, MEXICO, ASSIGNOR TO OIL DEVICES CORPORA- TION, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS cin-BURNING ArPAnATUs origini No. 1,743,081, dated january 7, 1930, serial No. 147,217, mea November-9, 1926. Application for reissue led September 8,

My invention relates to a device for burning hydrocarbons, which is particularly adapted f'or the burning, in heating plants, of a` liquid hydrocarbon. One object of my invention is to provide a simple and easily manufactured burning device with a minimum numberof moving parts. Another obj ect is the provision of a device of the type described in which the fuel flow may be made responsive tothe flow of-air to the combustion zone. Anotherobject is the provision of etlicient means for cutting olf the flow' of fuel when necessary. Andther object is the provision of a simpleA and elticient'device for the carrying out of the method of combustion described and claimed in my copending application No. 133,798, filed on thelth day of September,`1926. Other objects will appear from time to time in the course of the specification and claims.

I illustrate my invention more or lessadiagrammatically in the accompanying draw` ings, wherein:

Figure 1 indicates a plan view with parts in section and parts broken away;

Figure 2 is a section on the ,line`2-.2 of Figure 1; and

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specification and drawings.

It will be realized that I describe and illustrate a burner which is adapted t-o be used with any suitablefurhace, the combustion chamber of' the burner being preferably placed within the furnace. Since the furnace forms no part of the present invention and since the mode of application of burn ers of like class to furnaces is well known, I do not illustrate thefurnace.

A indicates any suitable support, herein shown as a 'column consisting of a plurality of bricks, upon which is mounted the combustion member generally indicated as B. It includes a bottom portion B1 resting on the support A and provided with the upwardly projecting generally cylindrical wall B2, in com-v munication with which is the longitudinal air inlet passage B21y with the reduced terminal portion B4. l

1930. Serial No. 480,604.

Resting uponk the upper edge of the wall B2 is a mixing chamber having the bottom portion C, and the cylindrical side wall C1. Exteriorlyprojecting from thev said side wall is the flange C2 provided with a plurality of apertures C3. The flange C2 seats upon the upper edge of the wall B2. The bottom C is apertured as at C2, the aperture being surrounded by the upwardly projecting tubeCf".

Resting upon or surrounding the top of said tube is a hood consisting of the top D, the side wall D1 and the bottom portion D2, the sidfall having a plurality of apertures Di".4 Said hood is upwardly slidably removable from the upwardly projecting tube or standpipe C5,- which pipe is preferably secured against movement in relation to the bottom portion C of the mixing chamber.

. E indicates a cover member having the cy` wardly and inwardly inclined over the wall C1 yof the mixing chamber. The upper edge of the wall C1 may, if desired, be inclined as at C10, to conform to the inclination of the overhanging wall E2. The member B2 and the cover or upper member El with its inclined upward and inward extension E2 form in eiect an outer housing member surrounding -the inner mixing chamber C, C1. This outer housing member forms an expansion chamber. The space between the walls C1 v and E1 is of greater cross-sectional area than the space between the wall B2 and the wall C1, and the apertures C2 are restricted in4 area to reduce the rate of flow into the expansion echamber., Air fromgthe expansion chamber so formed will be delivered to the .mixture rising upwardly from the mixing chamberat apressure substantially less'tha'n the pressure of the air at its pointof delivery from the astandpipe or tubeC5 to the distributor or hood D.

G is any suitableipedestal or support uponl which is mounted the motor G1A with the associated fan housing G2, in which rotates a motor actuated fan not illustrated in the drawings. G2 is the outlet passage of the casing G2 and is in communication with there- H indicates al fuel line extendin Yto. any

i i v 5 suitable filter member H1, above w ich is a l floatl chamber Hthe details of which form` no 'part of the present invention. It will be un- V derstood,however, that a valve is provided,

v ,f controlled for example by the valve stem H l the endof which projects upwardly throu the top ofthe floatch-amber H, as shown .Figure 2. The stem is secured to the ltri gli wardly rojectin support H5, and is providl ed withpany suitble bucket suitable run off pipe from the up of the float chamber through which't e`surplus oil 'can escape to the tri bucket H in case the float chamber is iloo ed. xH is any suitable yielding means normally opposing the weight of the trip bucket and tending to Vhold the member Ha unseated. J indicates afuel line extending from the float chamber Hz to the combustion chamber, to the bottom of which it is connected as at J1.

, J2 indicates any suitable valve'm'ember or,

housing in whlch, any valve ma tioned the details of the valve orming no part of the vpresent invention. I may employ,

owever, any suitable valve stem J s passin through the. bushing J* screwthreaded into the top of the housmg. J 5 indicates a stop 1 member, .for example a transverse pin, ada ted'to limit the closing movement ofthe va ve stem J' to a predetermined minimum. An

.- be posi- Vd'esired adjustment ma be effected `by rotation of the. screwthrea ed bushing J which serves as an abutment for said stop member. The,` upward movement of the valve stem J may be limited by an herein illustrated as t threaded relation with the supporting'l arm J 1 and vertically aligned with the valve stem.

Inorder to actuate the valve stem in response to air pressureconditions I provide a flexible diaphragm K with the opposed rigid member K1. K2 indicates an air inlet pipe which preferably terminates within the reduced air; passage portion B4. K3 is a lever pivoted as at K* to the upwardly projecting support-Kls and connected, intermediate itsV ends, to the diaphragm, by the connecting member K". Its opposite end' engages the valve stem J s, which moves up or down in response to rotation of the lever K.-

It will be realized that *whereas I 'have Y shown a practical and operative device, Y nevertheless many changes might be made in size, shape, number and distribution of parts without departin from the spirit of my' invention. I there ore wish my drawings and description to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic rather than as limiting me to my specific description and 5 showing.

burned with great e 0 carbon is prefer r-. ortlon heat of the combustlon goin I initiating the combustion.

suitable stop member e set screw J 1n screw- Th 'i 1am The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

I have described, in my copending application,"No. 133,798, above referred to, a method'of combustion in which a hydrocarbon, for example a liuid hydrocarbon, is

ciency and with a minimum of carbon separation and deposit. The present device is adapted for the eilicient carrying out of the same process. The main steps or characteristics of the processl p are the suppl of the hydrocarbon', for exbucket lever H4 which is pivoted to the up' ample in llquld form, to the'lower portion of a mixing and asifying zone. The hydroily gaslfied by the radiant on in the upper portions or above the top lo .the mixin fand gasifying zone. It will be understoo that any suitable means may be employed for As the gasified hydrocarbon rises from the bottom of the member C, it is mixed with the primar air laterally flowing through the apertures The air 1s preferably supplied in suicient-quantities to mingle freely with the iiied h drocarbon to form a mixture whic is preerably not quite combustible. The extent of this plimar air supply depends lupon the-num r an cross section of g the apertures D. It will be observed that the jets of air flowing through these apertures are suiiicient to cause a very complete mingling or mixture of the air and the hydrocarbon, the air supply being sullicient for y substantial or complete hydroxylation of the hydrocarbon. Y

As the mixture so formed rises upwardly past the upper edge of thewall C1 it is met y the Vsecondary air supply which flows inwardly and upwardlv along the wall E.

-is secondary air ho ds the form of a cone until it reaches the central aperture D?, when it is upwardl bent and flows into whatever combustion c amber my device is employed to heat. It will be understood that as thesecondary air pursues `its conic path the mixed primary air and hydrocarbon flows up into the center of the cone so formed and a mixture begins which is preferably completed above the inner edge of the wall E.

t 1s important'that `the secondary air iow upwardly, in .the,burner.herein disclosed, in

order that there vshall be no back eddies and downward current of secondary air into, the zone of mixture of the fuel and the primary air. It is essential to the practical operation of myv device that the mixture of the hydrocarbon and the relatively sparsefsupply of primary air be completed before the mingling of the mixture so formed with the sec- Y ondary supply of air takes place. Otherwise the balance whereby hydroxylation of the fuel takes place is disturbed and carbon de? posit and ineilicient combustion results.

`In the practical operation of my device I prefer to control the flow of fuel in response to changes in the flow of air. In employing an electric motor I may provide any suitable thermostatic or control means, which forms no part of the present invention, in order to control the rotation of the motor. I provide air responsive means, for instance the diaphragm shown in Figure 3, whereby an increase in air pressure vin the passage B3 or B4, in response to actuation of the fan, lifts the needle valvefJ3 to open position.` A decrease in air pressure permitsthe valve to drop. I preferably but not necessarily provide a limit to the` valve movementl which permits a predetermined minimum flow of fuel, the combustion of the small amount of fuel so provided being maintained byl natural draft. The maximum and minimum settinge of the needle J3 are adjustably controlled, as for example by rotation of the bushing J4 and the set screw J respectively.

In case. the float chamber H2 becomes Hooded, or an excess'supply of fuel is being provided, oil runs through the run off passage H7 and fills the' bucket H until the spring H8 is compressed and the valve II3 is closed.

I find it advantageous to form the hood or air distributor D separate from the tube or standpipe C5. In the form of my 4device shown in Figure 2 the distributor member may be slid upwardly from the tube C5 for easy removal through the top of the mixing chamber and through the aperture E3. This is important, forexample, in the manufacture of the device, since in practice it is preferable, accuratelyl to drill out or .form the apertures D3 in the distributor D. It is therefore cheaper and more eilicient to employ a readily removable distributor member. A further advantage is ready removability of the distributor in case of breakage or deterioration because of heat, or in case of need for cleaning. It will be noted that the standpipe C5 projects upwardly into the mixing chambervsubstantially above the normal fuel level as controlled by the trip bucket I iind it advantageous to deliver the secondary air to the mixture at a different and preferably lower pressure than the pressure `at which the primary air is delivered from the standpine C5 to the distributor D D1. In effect the space between the walls C1 and E1 serves as an expansion chamber, and anarea of .reduced air pressure, the access of air thereto being through the relatively restricted apertures C3.

I claim:

1. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing, an open-topped mixing chamber positioned within said housing, the side walls of said chamber being spaced from the walls of said housing, a fuel line extending to said mixing chamber, an axial air inlet passage extending upwardly from the bottom of said mixing chamber, an air distribution member associated withl said passage, means for delivering air into the space between the mixing chamber and the housing, and means for directing air from the said space across the up per edge of said vmixing chamber.

2. Ina hydrocarbon burner, a housing, an air inlet passage in communication with said housing, an open-toppedmixing chamber positioned within'said housing and open to direct radiation from above, the side walls of said chamber being spaced rom the walls of said housing, a fuel line extending to said mixing chamber, an axial primary air inlet passage extending upwardly from the bottom of said mixing chamber, an air distributionv member associated with the last said passage andsituated above the bottom'of the mixing chamber and below the top thereof, said distribution member being provided with a plurality of apertures adapted to direct primary air outwardly towardthe side wall of the,

mixing chamber and means to supply secondary air from the space between said housing and chamber to the gas rising from said mix- -ing -chamber to effect combustion thereof.,-

3. In a hydrocarbon'burner, a housing, an open-topped cylindrical mixing chamber positioned within said housing, the side walls of said chamber being spaced from the walls of said housing, a/fuel line extending to said mixing chamber, an axial air inlet passage extending upwardly from the bottom of said mixing chamber, an air distributionl member associated with said passage', and means for delivering airv into the space between the ing chamber located within the housing having side Walls spaced from thev side walls'of the housing, means whereby air is delivered Ifrom theI housing into the mixing chamber through an opening of restricted area, a fuel line leading into the mixing chamber, an air distributor surrounding the opening from thel housing into the mixing chamber, arranged the mixing chamber intermediate the top and bottom thereof, and means for directing air from the space between the walls of the housing and mixing chamberupwardly about the edge of the latter to comingle With the fuel to disperse the air and deliver it radially into mixture issuing from the mixing chamber.

VIll

5. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which ai'r is delivered, an open-topped mixing chamber located within the housing and open to direct radiation from above, said mixing chamber having side walls spaced from the side wal-ls of the housin means whereby primary air is delivered rom the` housing into the mixing chamber through an opening of restricted area, a fuel line leading into the mixing chamber, and a removable air distributor surrounding the opening from 'the housing into the mixing chamber and arranged to disperse air and deliver it into the mixing chamber and means to supply secondary air to the mixture issuing from said mixing chamber.l

6. In a hydrocarbon burner, an outer hous-vv ing, and an air supply passage .extending thereto, an open-topped mixing chamber positioned within said housing, the wall of said chamber being spaced inwardly from the wall of said housing, an apertured connecting member connecting the housing wall 'and the mixing chamber, said connecting 'wall being located ati-a level below the plane 'ofthe upper edge of the mixing chamber wall, means to supply primary air to the interior of the mixing chamber, and means to direct secondary air flowing through said connecting member into admixture with the fuel mixture arising from said mixing chamber at an angle to said rising fuel mixture.

7.. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which air is delivered, an open-topped mixying chamber located within the housing, said mlxing chamber having side walls spaced' from the sidewalls of the housing, means for delivering fuel to said mixing chamber,

means to supply primary air to said mixing chamber, a partition connecting the side v walls of the housing and mixing chamber, said partitionbeing apertured. to permit the passage of secondary air therethrough, and an annular expansion chamber positioned above said partition member, below lthe upper edge of the mixinglchamber, and

means for directing air from said expansion chamber across the upper edge of the mixing chamber to the mixture delivered yfrom the mixing chamber.

8. In a hydrocarbon burner, adiousing into which air is delivered, an open-topped mixing chamber located within the housing, said mixing chamber having side walls spaced from the side walls of the housing, means for delivering fuel to said mixing chamber,

Ameans to supply primary airv to said mixing .chamber,apartitionconnecting the side walls 'of the housing and mixing chamber, said partition being apertured to permit the passage of air therethrough, andan expansion chamber positiond above said y partition, about the upper edge ofy the mixing chamber, the air flowing fromV said ing from said mixing chamber.

9. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which air is delivered, an open-top ed mixing chamber located within the housing, said mixing chamber having side Walls spaced from the side walls of the housing, means for delivering fuel to said mixing chamber, means to supply primary air to said mixing chamber, a partition connecting the side walls of the housing and mixing chamber, saidlv partition being apertured to permit the pas-f. sage of secondary air therethrough, and an expansion chamber positioned above said partition, about the upper edge of the mixing chamber, and means for directing air from said expansion chamber upwardly and inwardly in relation to the mixture delivered from the mixing chamber.

- 10. `In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which air is delivered, a mixing chamber locatedwithin the housing, a fuel line leading into themixing chamber, means to supply primary air tosaid mixing chamber, an exansion chamber positioned about'said mixlng chamber, and means for admitting scondary air(from the housing into the ex ansion chamber and for maintaining in sai expansion chamber a pressure less than the pressure within said housing, and means for delivering air from said expansion chamber to the mixture delivered from the mixing chamber. Y i

.11. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which air is delivered, a mixing chamber located within the housing, a fuel line leading into the mixing chamber, means whereby primary air is delivered into the mixing chamber, andmeans for del' ering secondary air tothe mixture so llivroduced, as it escapes from the mixing chamber, at a pressure less than the pressureof the air delivered into the mixing chamber.

12. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into'which air is delivered, a mixing chamber located within the housing, afuel line leading into the mixing chamber, means whereby primary air isdelivered into the mixing chamber, includin the mixing c amber, and an air distributor member associated with said aperture, and means for delivering air into said distribution member at a predetermined pressure,l and means for delivering secondary air to the mixture so formed at a lower pressure.

13. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which air is delivered, a mixing cham-l ber located within the-housing, a fuel line leading intio the mixing chamber, means whereby primary air is delivered into the c amber,-including an aperture at the bottom of the mixing chamber, and an air distribution member associated with said aperture, and means for delivering air into said distribution member at a predetermined expansion chamber toward the mixture` aris- 'niv 'nsv

an aperture at the bottom of pressure, and means for delivering secondaryA air to the mixture so formed at a. different pressure.

14. In a, hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which air is delivered, an open-topped mixing chamber located within the housing, a fuel line leading into the mixing chamber, means whereby primary air is delivered into the mixing` chamber, including an aperture at the bottom of the mixing chamber, and an air distribution ,member associated with said aperture, and means for delivering air to said distribution member at a predetermined pressure, and means for delivering lsecondary air-to the mixture so formed adjacent the periphery of the opening of the mixin chamber, at a different pressure.

15. ny a hydrocarbondburner, a housing into which air is delivered, an open-topped. mixing chamber located within the housing,

. a fuel line leading into the mixing chamber, means whereby primary air is delivered into the mixing chamber, including an aperture at the bottom of the 'mixing chamber, andan air distribution member associated with said aperture,`and means for delivering air to said distribution member at a predetermined presasure, and means for delivering secondary' air to ,the mixture so formed adjacent the 'periphery of the opening of the mixing chamber, at a lower pressure. I

16. In a hydrocarbon burner, a housing into which air is delivered, an open-topped mixing chamber located Within the housingl and spaced therefrom, a fuel line leading into the mixing chamber, means to supply pri` mary air into said mixing chamber from said housing, a. partition in said housing extending therebetween and said mixing chamber, 4o said partition beingapertured and arranged to form a chamberl below and a chamberl above, said upper chamber being Iprovided with anl outlet of greater ez'ecti've area than the area of said apertures in said partition to deliver air from said upper chamber into yadmixture with the fuel mixture arising from said mixingchamber. I Signed at Sante Fe, county of Santa Fe and State of New Mexico, -this 30 day of so August, 1930.

" JAMES L. BREESE, Jn. 

